The Role of Knowledge in Economic Growth
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چکیده
Figure 1 sets the stage for our discussion. The kink of the curve signifies the ”onset” of an important historical process, commonly called the industrial revolution. Around that kink a number of events took place. First of all, and probably most important (Eliasson 1991c) the production system of Sweden and the now industrialized mature economies was thoroughly deregulated by the rapid removal of the craft system. Parallel to this, however, significant investments in public schooling were initiated, Also, and third, at that time the new technology of the industrial revolution, based on the invention and increased sophistication of the machine tools since the second half of the 18 century in England was rapidly being introduced among the now mature industrial economies, allowing for fundamental reorganization of production. Great opportunities were created, but even though the new technology was to a large extent internationally available, only a handful of countries made it onto the faster growth track, under significant social disruption and effort. The local ability to put the new technology to industrial use (Receiver competence, Eliasson 1990a) mattered. Since that time and until recently a diminishing income inequality could be observed in the industrializing economies, as people left agriculture and the handicrafts to earn higher and steadily increasing wages in firms enjoying, for a long time, steadily increasing returns. Several questions can be asked. The important one today is what kind of knowledge capital played the role of a moving force behind this development.
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تاریخ انتشار 2001